Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: Spatial- and Task-Dependent Neuronal Responses during Real and Virtual Translocation in the Monkey Hippocampal Formation

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-06-02381.1999

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schema of the experimental setup and paradigm.A, Freely movable monkey cab (a) and front panel of the cab (b). A monkey sat in a 0.7 × 0.8 × 0.85 m cab, which was freely moved in a 2.5 × 2.5 m experimental field located in a 5.0 × 6.0 m room. The front wall of the cab was made of transparent Plexiglass, and the rear wall was a steel plate symmetrically equipped with two speakers on the inside. On the upper part of the front wall, there was a 10.4-inch color LCD monitor with resolution of 640 × 480 pixels. The visual stimuli were displayed 25 cm from the monkey’s eyes on the color LCD controlled by a microcomputer. The lower part of the front wall was equipped with a joystick to freely move a cab in the experimental field and/or a pointer (a yellow sphere with a radius of 3 mm) presented on the LCD monitor. The cab and/or the pointer could be moved at constant velocity (3 cm/sec in real space and 2.5 mm/sec in virtual space, respectively) in all directions during continuous manipulation of the joystick by the monkey. The movement direction of the cab and/or the pointer was linked to the direction to which the joystick was brought down by the monkey. Thick curved lines with arrows in Aa and Abindicate examples of movements of the cab and the pointer to one of destinations indicated by thick circles[TA in Aa]. Juice reward, controlled by an electromagnetic valve, was delivered from a tube that projected through the rear wall. B, Time sequence of the four behavioral tasks. The monkey performed the four behavioral tasks under guidance by visual stimuli on the LCD monitor and auditory stimuli from the two speakers on the back wall of the cab. The four tasks consisted of five phases: (1) pretrial control (the cab placed at a starting point); (2) warning period (a warning tone from the 2 speakers plus a window frame on the LCD monitor were presented for 1 sec); (3) discrimination phase (a red target circle with a radius of 1.59 cm appeared on the LCD monitor for 2 sec); (4) manipulating–response phase (the monkey manipulated the joystick); and (5) reward phase (a reward of ∼6 ml of orange juice for 3 sec was delivered).

Article Snippet: In the upper part of the front wall, there was a 10.42-inch color liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor with a resolution of 640 × 480 pixels (LMD-1040XC; Sony, Tokyo, Japan) (Fig. Ab ).

Techniques: Sequencing, Control